Assaults

1 Assaults

The ICE G-324A Significant Incident Summary sheet contains information on a number of different kinds of assaults. Specifically, there are four categories of assaults listed:

• Detained Person on Staff with Serious Injury
• Detained Person on Staff without Serious Injury
• Detained Person on Detained Person with Serious Injury
• Detained Person on Detained Person without Serious Injury

Conspicuously absent from this list of assault types are assaults on detained persons by staff. This is deeply concerning because already initial review of inspection forms and prior news stories indicates that staff assaults on detained persons do occur. For example, at the Bristol County County Jail and House of Corrections independent investigation by the Massachusetts Office of Attorney General (MAOG) found that facility staff found a “planned and deliberate-use of force against the ICE detainees that was disproportionate to the security needs at that time and unnecessarily caused, or risked causing, harm to all involved” (MA AG 2020, ii). The MOAG found that facility staff used “a flash bang grenade, pepper-ball launchers, pepper spray canisters, anti-riot shields, and canines–against detainees who had exhibited calm and nonviolent behavior for at least an hour before this operation” (MA AG 2020, ii). Investigations found that staff “deployed these weapons both indiscriminately upon entry and also specifically against detainees who were not combative, assaultive, or otherwise actively resisting staff” (MA AG 2020, ii).

While the aforementioned Bristol County Jail may be a particularly egregious instance of staff assaulting detained persons, it is not an isolated case. For example, video evidence from the Torrance County Detention Facility in Estancia NM shows CoreCivic’s private facility staff pepper spraying persons detained by ICE on hunger strike (Swetlitz 2020). Review of inspections has also revealed additional inappropriate use of force incidents. The omission of a field to record instances of staff assaulting detained persons occludes and obscures real instances of violence. As the inspections process is a detention reform designed to make a more humane system of civil incarceration, the omission of categories for logging staff physical mistreatment of detained persons raises serious questions about the inspections processes ability to record significant and documented civil and human rights violations.

1.1 Summary Tables

# Load necessary libraries

# Reading and wrangling
library(googlesheets4)
library(readr)
library(tidyverse)
library(janitor)
library(lubridate)
library(DT)

# Plotting
library(ggplot2)
library(RColorBrewer)

# Tables
library(kableExtra)

# Load custom function
source("function_clean_facility_names.R", local = knitr::knit_global())

# Read Google Sheet incident worksheet, convert to data frame, and wrangle
df_324_inc <- read_sheet("https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1im5VSi3bIEi13O8WQ56wEIXSyNEstbGMylXXgD9bAG0/edit#gid=1858227071",
                 sheet="G-324A-19-inc",
                 col_types = "c") %>% 
  clean_names() %>%
  
  # Run custom cleaning function
  clean_facility_names() %>% 


  # df_specific changes
  unite(date, year:month) %>% 
  mutate(facility = as.factor(facility),
         state = as.factor(state),
         date = ym(date)
         ) %>% 
  mutate_at(c(6:76), as.numeric)

## Reading from "000inspection_forms"

## Range "'G-324A-19-inc'"

## New names:
## * `Sexual abuse allegations detainee on staff/contractor/volunteer` -> `Sexual abuse allegations detainee on staff/contractor/volunteer...29`
## * `Sexual abuse allegations detainee on staff/contractor/volunteer` -> `Sexual abuse allegations detainee on staff/contractor/volunteer...34`

## Warning: Expected 2 pieces. Missing pieces filled with `NA` in 12 rows [2144, 2145, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2152,
## 2153, 2154, 2155].

## Warning: 1 failed to parse.

## Warning in mask$eval_all_mutate(quo): NAs introduced by coercion

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df_assaults <- df_324_inc %>%
  
  # Subset the df to only the used cols
  select(id, facility, date,
       detainee_physical_assault_on_staff_with_serious_injury:
       detainee_on_detainee_physical_assault_fight_with_no_serious_injury
       ) %>% 
  
  # Need the rowwise function to compute a row-at-a-time
  # in the following mutate function
  rowwise(id) %>% 
  
  # Create a new total column
  mutate(total_assaults = sum(c_across(
       detainee_physical_assault_on_staff_with_serious_injury:
       detainee_on_detainee_physical_assault_fight_with_no_serious_injury
  ))) %>% 

  # Call a range of table columns and pivot long
  pivot_longer(.,
               cols=  detainee_physical_assault_on_staff_with_serious_injury:total_assaults,
               names_to = "assault_type",
               values_to = "assault_count") %>% 
  
  # Remove NA Values
  drop_na() %>% 
  
  # Explicitly define factor levels
  mutate(assault_type = factor(assault_type, levels = c(
    "detainee_physical_assault_on_staff_with_serious_injury",
    "detainee_physical_assault_on_staff_with_no_serious_injury",
    "detainee_on_detainee_physical_assault_fight_with_serious_injury",
    "detainee_on_detainee_physical_assault_fight_with_no_serious_injury",
    "total_assaults"
  )))

df_assaults %>% 
  group_by(assault_type) %>% 
  summarise(`Total Assaults by Type` = sum(assault_count)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Assaults by Type",
        col.names = c("Assault Type", "Total Assault Type")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive"))

Table 1.1: Total Assaults by Type

Assault Type	Total Assault Type
detainee_physical_assault_on_staff_with_serious_injury	13
detainee_physical_assault_on_staff_with_no_serious_injury	333
detainee_on_detainee_physical_assault_fight_with_serious_injury	126
detainee_on_detainee_physical_assault_fight_with_no_serious_injury	2926
total_assaults	3390

df_assaults %>% 
  group_by(facility) %>% 
  summarise(total_assaults = sum(assault_count)) %>% 
  arrange(desc(total_assaults)) %>% 
  ungroup() %>% 
  kable(caption = "Total Assaults by Facility",
        col.names = c("Facility", "Total Assaults by Facility")) %>% 
  kable_styling(c("hover", "striped", "condensed", "responsive")) %>% 
  scroll_box(height = "300px")

Table 1.1: Total Assaults by Facility

Facility	Total Assaults by Facility
Krome Service Processing Center	470
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - West	390
Prairieland Detention Center	330
South Texas ICE Processing Center	312
Adelanto ICE Processing Center - East	264
Otero County Processing Center	240
Aurora ICE Processing Center	222
Aurora ICE Processing Center II - Annex	222
Stewart Detention Center	218
Eloy Detention Center	216
Otay Mesa Detention Center	200
El Paso Service Processing Center	192
Winn Correctional Center	172
Essex County Correctional Facility	146
Imperial Regional Detention Facility	136
LaSalle ICE Processing Center	128
Hudson County Corrections and Rehabilitation Center	118
Immigration Centers of America - Farmville	108
River Correctional Center	106
Caroline Detention Facility	104
Jena LaSalle Detention Facility	98
Yuba County Jail	96
Adams County Correctional Center	94
La Palma Correctional Center	92
Bergen County Jail	86
Northwest ICE Processing Center	78
Catahoula Correctional Center	72
Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility	72
Port Isabel Service Processing Center	70
Folkston ICE Processing Center	68
Bluebonnet Detention Center	64
Montgomery Processing Center	60
Pulaski County Detention Center	60
Sherburne County Jail	60
Houston Contract Detention Facility	58
Pine Prairie ICE Processing Center	58
Baker County Detention Center	54
Calhoun County Correctional Center	54
Limestone County Detention Center	50
Polk County Adult Detention Center	50
Irwin County Detention Center	48
McHenry County Adult Correctional Facility	48
Strafford County Department of Corrections	46
Allen Parish Public Safety Complex	45
Krome North Service Processing Center	40
Elizabeth Contract Detention Facility	34
Nye County Detention Center	34
Pike County Correctional Facility	32
Webb County Detention Center	32
CCA Florence Correctional Center	30
Joe Corley Processing Center	30
Wakulla County Detention Facility	30
David L. Moss Criminal Justice Center	28
Johnson County Corrections Center	28
Orange County Correctional Facility	26
Richwood Correctional Center	26
Bossier Parish Corrections Center	24
Florence Service Processing Center	24
Folkston ICE Processing Center Annex	24
Freeborn County Adult Detention Center	24
Okmulgee County Jail - Moore Detention Facility	24
Clinton County Correctional Facility	22
Jackson Parish Correctional Center	22
Rio Grande Detention Center	22
Bristol County Jail and House of Correction	20
Morgan County Adult Detention Center	20
Plymouth County Correctional Facility	20
Cambria County Prison	18
Glades County Detention Center	16
Hall County Department of Corrections	16
York County Prison	16
Henderson Detention Center	14
Seneca County Jail	14
Broward Transitional Center	12
Butler County Jail	12
Donald W. Wyatt Detention Facility	12
Hardin County Jail	12
Torrance County Detention Facility	12
Coastal Bend Detention Center	10
Dodge County Detention Facility	10
Eden Detention Center	10
El Valle Detention Facility	10
Howard County Detention Center	10
Boone County Jail	8
Sheriff Al Cannon Detention Center	8
Worcester County Jail	7
Geauga County Jail	6
Jerome Combs Detention Center	6
Kay County Detention Center	6
Montgomery County Jail	6
Saint Clair County Jail	6
Val Verde Correctional Facility	6
Clay County Jail	4
Laredo Processing Center	4
Northern Oregon Correctional Facility	4
San Luis Regional Detention Center	4
Teller County Jail	4
Carver County Jail	2
Cass County Jail	2
Monroe County Inmate Dormitory	2
Rolling Plains Detention Center	2
Shawnee County Department of Corrections - Adult Detention Center	2
South Louisiana ICE Processing Center	2
West Texas Detention Facility	2
Alamance County Detention Center	0
Brooks County Detention Center	0
Chippewa County Correctional Facility	0
Christian County Jail	0
Cibola County Correctional Center	0
Desert View Annex	0
Dorchester County Detention Center	0
Douglas County Department of Corrections	0
East Hidalgo Detention Center	0
Golden State Annex	0
LaSalle Correctional Center	0
LaSalle County Regional Detention Center	0
Morrow County Correctional Facility	0
Platte County Detention Center	0
Robert A. Deyton Detention Facility	0
T. Don Hutto Residential Center	0
Washoe County Detention Center	0
Western Tennessee Detention Facility	0
Willacy County Regional Detention Facility	0

1.2 Facet Plot of Assaults by Facility

The figure below is a facet plot of the assault categories present on the G-324A SIS form.

# Generating a linetype vector for use in the plot
plot_lines <- c(
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "solid",
    "dotted"
    )

# Use Color Brewer to set colors and modify
# the last color to be black for totals.
plot_colors <- brewer.pal(5, "Paired")
plot_colors[5] <- "#000000"

# Create the labels
plot_labels <- c(
    "Detained Person on Staff w. Serious Injury",
    "Detained Person on Staff w/o Serious Injury",
    "Detained Person on Detained Person w. Serous Injury",
    "Detained Person on Detained Person w/o Serous Injury",
    "Total Assaults")

df_assaults %>% 
  # Calling the plot and formatting
  ggplot(aes(x=date, y = assault_count, linetype=assault_type))+
  geom_line(aes(color = assault_type), size =.65) +
  
  # Set the line type
  scale_linetype_manual(
    values = plot_lines,
    labels = plot_labels,
    name = "Assault Type:",
    guide = guide_legend(nrow = 5)
    )+
  
  # Setting the color
  scale_color_manual(
    values = plot_colors,
    labels = plot_labels,
  name = "Assault Type:"
  )+

  labs(title = "Reported Assaults")+
  ylab("Number of Assaults")+
  xlab("Date")+
  theme(
    strip.text = element_text(size = 8),
    legend.position = "bottom"
    )+

  # Set the legend to multiple rows
  guides(col = guide_legend(nrow =5))+
  
  # Wrap
  facet_wrap(~ facility, ncol=3)

MA AG. 2020. “Investigation into the Events of May 1, 2020 at the c. Carlos Carreiro Immigration Detention Center, Unit b, Bristol County Sheriff’s Office.” Boston, MA. https://www.mass.gov/doc/ago-report-into-bcso-response-to-may-1-disturbance/download.

Swetlitz, Ike. 2020. “’Suddenly They Started Gassing Us’: Cuban Migrants Tell of Shocking Attack at ICE Prison.” https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jul/02/cuban-migrants-detention-ice-facility-new-mexico.